Permutation lock



Nov. 3 1925.

P. GIBA PERMUTATION Lock 25, 1925 2 sheets-sheet 1 Filed Nov. 3 1925.

Filed P. GIBA Patented Nov. 3, 1925.

UNITED STATES PIOTR GIA, 0F QHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PERMUTATION LOCK.

Application mea nay 2a, 192:5. serial No. 32,440.l

T 0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, PIOTR GIRA', a' citizen of Poland, residing at Chicago, in the county ot' Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Permutation Locks, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to permutation locks designed particularly for the use in connection with doors, and its main object is the provision of a. lock wherein the combination is readily changeable.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a lock or" the character stated which is so constructed that it may be operated from the 'inside by a knob without requiring to set the combination while to open the lock from the outside the combination must be iirstset.

TWith the above general objects in view and others that will appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consists in the novel construction, combination and arrangementV of parts hereinafter more fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings forming a part ot this application, and in which like designating characters refer to corresponding parts throughout the several views.

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary side view of a door showing an embodiment. ot the lock in place therein;

Fig. 2 is an edge view of Fig. 1;

Y F ig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view through Fig. 1 showing the inner mechanism ot the lock with cover plate removed;

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional View taken on line 4 4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 5 5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view through the permutation disks;

Fig. T is a face and cross-sectional View ci one of the rings bymeans of which the permutation disks are operated;

TEig. 8 is a tace and crosssectional view ot a permutation disk;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a locking disk; f

Fig.10is a perspective view of a guide member associated with each permutation disk; Fig. 11 is a perspective view on a reduced scale of an anti-friction plate associated with each guide member; and

Fig. 12 is a view on a reduced scale, partly in section and partly in elevation, of the bolt operating knobs. l

In the drawings, the numeral 1()4 designates a. door provided with inside and outside escutcheon plates 11v and 12, respectively, having tormed herein sight openings 13 and 14, respectively. The lock, designated generally by the numeral 15,v is mortised into the door, as indicated bythe dotted linesin Fig. 1 and seen on Figs. 3 and 4, and contains the lcustomary spring actuated latch 16, the movements of which are controlled by the spring 17 and theknob 18, as illustrated on Figs. 3, 4l and 5, the body of the latch 16 being provided, on opposite horizontal edges,` with rack teeth 19 in engagement with'the pinion 20, through which the rectangular spindle of the knob 21 extends.

MountedV in parallel relation with the latch 16 is the locking bolt comprising head 22 and a reduced'inner portion 23 the opposite parallell edges .of said reduced portion are provided with racks 24 for the purpose later described. An auxiliary bolt 25, which is wider thansaid iirst named bolt 23 is positioned upon said reduced portion and is adapted for longitudinal sliding movement thereupon, the outer face Iof the head 22 beingr flush with the outer' face of said auxiliary bolt 2.5. The upperedge of the auxiliary bolt 25 is' provided with a rack 26, said rack 26, being in a-linement with the upper rack 24 ,of boltp23. The lower edge of said auxiliary boit 2 5 is provided with teeth 27, vsaid teeth being farther i spaced apart than the teeth on rack bar 26, the teeth 27 extending downwardly beyond the line of teeth 24, as plainly seen on Figs. 3 and 5. 1in y crosssection said .teeth 27 are reduced in width atfecting a shoulder 27 on the adjacent edge of said auxiliary bolt 25 as seen on Fig. 5. Said shoulder 2i" isy in -alinement lon the peripheral 'line with the lower rack 24 .of the bolt 23.

The reduced portion 23 has kapin 28 which Y is Vreceived within a longitudinal slo't 29 made substantially in the central portionof said auxiliary bolt 25. Said pin 28 and slot 29 cooperate to limit'the longitudinal sliding movement of said auxiliary bolt 25 in respect of the bolt 23. A flat spring interposed between the cover 3l and casing 32 cooperates with pin 33, which is positioned upon the lower edge of the bolt head 22, for preventing any creeping movement or' the bolt 23 when in withdrawn position as shown onL Fig. 3.

baid bolt 23 and auxiliary bolt 25' are independently operated by means of pinion 34 and pinion 35 meshing with the upper rack 24 and teeth 26, respectively. Said pinions are positioned within the lock housing a plainly .seen on Fig. 4 and are controlled by means of the inside knob generally indicated by 36 and the outside knob 37', respectively. ris plainly seen on Fig. l2 said pinions are provided with sleeves 38 and 39, respectively, the inner ends of said sleeves telescope one into another, permitting free and independent rotary movement of one pinion in respect of the other. The outside knob 37 has a shank 40 which is in engagement with sleeve 31 through the medium or claw clutch 4l cooperating between the inner end of said shank 4G andthe outer end et sleeve 39 ot the pinion 35` integrally formeel with said shank 40 and reduced in thickness is a spindle 42 which passes through said pinions and has positioned thereupon a hollow cylinder 43, said cylinder being integrally formed with a shell 44 which forms a part oic the inner knob 36. rlhrough the medium ot claw clutch 45 between the inner end of said cylinder 43 and the outer end of sleeve 33 Vthe pinion 34 is rotated on turning shell 44. VFitting into said shell 44 and abutting the end or' spindle 42 is a head 46 which is rigidly affixed tosaid end of said spindle 42 by means of screw 47.

From the hereinabove described mechanism illustrated on Fig. i2 it will be apparent that on turning knob 37 a rotary movement will be imparted to the pinion 35 without in any manner aii'ectino' the pinion 34, cylinder 43 or shell 44. Also when said shell 44, which remains on the inside of a i dwelling is turned, the pinion 34 will be rotated without affecting the pinion 35 or the outside knob 37.

rlransversely of the channel 48 in the lock housing wherein bolts 23 and 25 move is an opening 49 through said lock housing for positioning therewithin a. plurality of perniutation disks as plainly seen on Figs. 3 and 5.

Said permutation disks are indicated by 50 and illustrated in detail on Fig. 8. A round plate or ring 5l shown on Fig. 7 is positioned upon one face of each disk 56 and is rigidly fixed thereto by means of rivets or screws passing` through the registering apertures 52 and 53 made in said disk and said plate, respectively. rl`he diameter of' said plate 5l being greater than that of the disk 50 a narrow portion of said plate projects outwardly beyond the periphery of the disk as plainly seenon Fig. 6, said projecting portion of the plate being indented as at 54 in order to provide a rough edge to 'facilitate the manual rotation of the disks. Centrally each disk is provided with a comparatively large bore 55 for reception herewithin of locking disk 56, illustrated ony Fig. 9. The inner periphery of the disk 50 adjacent said bore 55 is provided with a series of transver-sal notches 57 for the purpose hereinafter stated. "lhe locking disk 56 has a shape of a round plate which has a central bore 58, the thickness of said locking disk being smaller than the thickness of the disk 50. @n its .inner periphery said disk 56 is provided with a transversal recess 59 for the purpose hereinafter specified, while the outer periphery or' said disk is provided with a radially projecting tooth 60, which, when the said disk 56 isv positioned within bore 55 of the permutation disk 50, fits into any one ot the notchesv 5T in said disk 50. The diameter of said disk 56 is equal to the diameter ot the bore 55 and when said disks 5() and 56 are in assembled position the disk 56 is frictionally held within said bore 55.

rihe permutation disk 50 on its outer periphery is further provided with numerals as plainly seen on Figs. l and 3, the numeral spaces being divided by transversal grooves 6l, which facilitate making the proper alinement of the combination numerals on several permutation disks, as plainly seen on Fig. l.

Fach permutation disk 50 contains a guide member illustrated on Fig. l0. Said guide ineniler embodies a circular plate or flange 62 adapted to be received within the bore 55, the diameter of said flange being slightly smaller than the diameter of said bore in order to permit a free rotary movement of the disk on the periphery of' said flange Said guide member further embodies a drical stud 63 fitting into the bore 53 the locking disk 56. The diameter oi" said stud is smaller than the diameter of the b( e for permitting a free rotary movenient oit said locking disk 56 upon said stud ngitudinally of said sud 63 and through seid flange 62 of theguide member runs an oblong slot 64 receiving therewithin the bolts 23 and 25 as plainly seen on Fig. 5. he upper edge of said slot 64 has an arcuate formation and registers with the inner periphery 53 of the disk 56. ppositely of said upper arcuate edge of slot 64 there is formed in said flange 62 a recess 66 which is adapted to register with the recess 59 of the locking disk 56.

lt is observed that when the permutation disks are in assembled position illustrated on 6 and the locking disks 56 and flanges 62 are within the bores 55 of the several l'co i Upon entering disks 50, said disks 56 and flanges 62 completely ll the spaces within said bores so that the outer face of disk 56 and the end of the stud 63 remain Hush with the corresponding Jace ot the disk 50 and the face ot the flange 62 remains flush with the other face or" said disk 50.

Flange 62 on its face carries an anti-friction plate 67 which is in any suitable manner atlixed to the face of said flange The apertures 66 and 69. in said Hanse and said plate, respectively, suggest one means ot aliixing the plates to said flange. Said plate is provided with an oblongslot 70. The narrower edges ot said slot are arcuate and when the several parts of the permuatation disks are assembled said edges remain outwardly beyond the inner periphery 58 of the disk 56 and the edge ofthe recesses 59 and 66, as plainly indicated by dotted lines on The diameter ot said anti-friction plate is equal to the diameter of the permutation disk 50 as plainly seen on Fig. 6.

' vWhen the permutation disks and bolts 23 and 25 are in operative association illustrated on Figs. 3, andV 6. the longiudinal inner walls ot stud 63 abutl the adjacent outer walls of said bolts 23 and25 and thus said studs 63 and lan fes 62 at all times remain in a stationary position in respect of said bolts, as best illustrated on Fig. 5.

The guide members, including flanges 62, do never engage the several series of teeth upon bolts 23 and 25, but permit their free sli'dingmovement. Unless the disks 50'with their v cooperating locking disks 56 are brought to a position'where the recesses 59 oit said latter vdisks register withtheA recesses 66 of the guide member of Fig. 10 the inn-er edges ot the locking disks 56 remain in engagement with teeth 27 ot the auxiliary bolt and as long as that engagement continues in any one of the several permutation disks, it will be impossible to move said auxiliary bolt 25. v

To open the lock from .the outside the combination must be known to a person desiring to open the lock. By properly arranging the disks 50 so that the recesses 59 come into alinement with the recess 66 bolt 25 may be moved. A

Fig. 3 illustrates the position of the two bolts 23 and 25 immediately upon opening the lock from the outside. The assumed combination number there is number 1923, cach digit being upon a separate disk, tor the purposes ot illustration the combination number being distinguished by heavier lines,

Fig. 5.

vbut n practice all numerals upon the permuy a tion disks should be stamped in alike the dwelling the person stes the knob 36' for drawing bolt 23 rdly ot thelockhousing., said bolt ng with it' the auxiliary' bolt r25 by would give no result.

means of pin 28 which abuts the outer end ot slot 29. Thereupon the person turns one or more disks to bring recesses 59` out of alinement with recesses 66, the inner yperipheral edges oic the disks 56 sliding' in between the teeth 27 of the auxiliary bolt 25` prevent the sliding movement of the auX- iliary bolt Since the bolt .a3 at all 'times remains out ot engagement with the locking disks 56 it is possible to Withdraw the same 'troni locked position wi hin theqdoor frame by turning the inside knob shell el without in amanner affecting the. locked engage- H'ient ot the auxiliary bolt 25 with the di 56 or without requiring to set the combination ot' the permutation lock.

Assuming that the two bolts remain in thev relative longitudinal position illustra-ted on F ig. 3, but with the bolt head in locking engagen'ient with the door trame and the permutation disks being not arranged in accordance ywith the combina-tion number, or in other words the inner peripheral edgesot the locking disks 56 being in engagementk with the teeth 27 of the auxiliary bolt 25,.:1 person desiring-to open the lock from the. outside ot the dwelling will set the combina-y tion, thereby permitting the backward sliding movement of the auxiliary bolt 25. By

turning the outside knob 3'?, the said'auxili- 5i ary bolt 25 through the medium ot tlie pinion will be caused to slide in the opposite direction trom that previously mentioned. During this operation the bolt '23 will be falso drawn in the same direction by virtue ot' the abutment ot .pin 28 against the adjacent end ot' slot 29. v

As seen on Fig. 3 there '1s a space/between Vthe inner termination ot bolt rhead 22 "and the adjacent end of the auxiliary bol-t 25. Owing to this arrangement and also due to the slot 29 the `bolt 23 may be caused to slide independently of the auxiliary bolt 25 on turning the inside knob 36 or rather the shell 4 4, and this notwithstanding whether the auxiliary bolt 25 is Iin engagement Awith the inner peripheral edge of the locking disks 56 or out of engagement therefrom'.

' 'It is observed that the setting vof Athe bolt 23 into an operative posit-ion, that is into s lockingA engagement with the ldoor frame, from the outside of the door should Ibeavoided, for the reason that such operation could be had only by means ot the auxiliary bolt 25, pinion 35 and the outside knob 3'?, and consequently the end of the 'auxiliary kbolt would come in abutment with the inner end othead 22, andA on locking said auxiliary bolt Within the permutation disks, a person remaining yinside ot a dwellingcould niet'retract the bolt 23 by operating 'the shelilllfl, because the end of'bolt 25 abutting .the head A22 would prevent any backwardmovement or bolt 23 in which case'th'e lturnigot shelled- To obviate such an assumed occurrence the inside sight 13 is provided permitting the setting of the combination from the inside. When the combination has been set from the inside, head 4:7 of the inside knob 36 must be resorted to to retract the bolt 23 through the medium of pinion 35 and auxiliary bolt,

25. Since the bolt 23 with the bolt head 22 is as long as the channel 48, during that latter operation the inner end ot' bolt-23 on striking the edge of the lock lrousing will limit the farther movement of the bolt 23 and by operating the knob 37 the position of the auxiliary bolt 25 will be reset sh own on Fig. 3. f

lt should be borne in mind that when it is desired to lock the door from the outside the auxiliary bolt, after the bolt head 22 has been brought into engagement with the door frame, should be retracted to the position as shown on Fig. 3 before the permutation disks are turned, because on "failure to do this the operation described in the preceding paragraph must be resorted to in order to recondition the bolt 23 ior operation from within the dwelling.

It is observed that the periphery ot disk is provided with two sets the like numerals, the two like numerals being on diametrically opposite points so that the combination may be set with equal facility either 'from the inside or outside of the door.

rIhe projecting tooth on the outerperiphery of the disk o6 not only holds said disk in rigid engagement with the permutation disk 50, but also serves as a marker for the combination number on the particular disk 50. It will be apparent Afrom Fig. 5, on reference to Fig. 3, that tooth GO points toward numeral 1 on the periphery of the iirst or outermost permutation disk 50. Thus here is a certain definite positional relation of the recess 59 in respect to the combination number on a given disk 50, and since each disk carries duplicate numerals, two like numerals being on diametrically opposite points on each disk as already explained, it follows that there is a definite positional relation between the recess 59 and the two like numerals of each disk 50.. Said relation may be stated to be such that when the disk is turned so that two opposite combination numerals remain on a horizontal line., or in other words when each of them is positioned centrally within the sights 13 and 14, respectively, the recess 59 will then be positioned directly oppositely from the imaginary center of the disk 50 on a vertical line running downwardly, or 1n other words will register with the recess 56 of the guide member of` Fig. 10, which at all timesremains stationary, the shoulders whereof abutting the.

lfaces of bolts 28 and 25 preventing any rotary movement thereof.

Y From the above explanation it will be apparent that the changing ot combination in each permutation disk is an easy mattei'.

To change the combination the disk 56 should be withdrawn from bore and reinserted upon altering its former relative position in respect of the disk 50 and in the altered position the combination numeral will be that numeral on the periphery oit the disk 5() toward which tooth 60 points.

It is not my intention to restrict the'usc of the lock shown on the drawings and herein described to doors. The principle of the invention may be adapted to other objects such as trunks, safes, automobiles, ctc.

vWhile there is described herein a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is nevertheless to be understood that minor changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope ot the invention as claimed.

Vehat l claim as new is:

1. ln a lock of the class described, guide members, permutation disks thereupon, said permutation disks being adapted tor rotary movement upon said guide members, a bolt within said guide members, 'said'guide members remaining stationary in respect of said bolt, teeth upon said bolt, and means within said permutation disks engaging said teeth for holding the bolt locked.

2. ln a lock ot' 'the class described, guide members, permutation disks, locking disks within said permutation disks, said locking disks being adapted for rotary movement upon said guide members, said guide members remaining stationary in respect of said bolt, and teeth upon said bolt, said locking disks being adapted to engage said 'teeth tor holding said bolt locked.

3. 1n a lock ot the class described, a bolt, guide members upon said bolt in stationary relation therewith, teeth upon 'said bolt, said guide members having recesses in alinement with said teeth, locking disks rotatably positioned upon said guide members, said locking disks by their inner peripheral edges being adapted to engage said teeth for holding the bolt locked, said looking disks having recesses adapted to register with said recesses in said guide members, and permutation disks rigidly positioned upon said locking disks, said permutation disks being provided with means tor indicating when the two series of said recesses are in alinement for moving said bolt. y

4. In a lock of the class described, a bolt, guide members, said guide members including flanges and studs, a bolt within said guide members, teeth upon said bolt, said tlange's having vrecesses in alinement with said teeth, said guide `members including said flanges and said studs being in stationary relation with said bolt, locking disks rotatably mounted upon said studs, permutation disks having central bores for receiving therewithin said flanges and 'said locking disks, said locking disks being rigidly held lwithin said bores, said locking disks having recesses adap'ted to register with the recesses in said flanges, the peripheral edges of said locking disks being adapted to engage said teeth, and means in said permutation disks when the two series of said recesses are in alinement for moving said bolt.

5. In a lock of the class described, a bolt, stationary guide members thereupon, locking disks rotatably mounted upon said guide members, permutation disks rigidly mounted upon said locking disks and enclosing Isaid guide members, teeth upon said bolts, said guide members and said locking disks being provided with recesses, said bolt being adapted for longitudinal sliding movement when the two series of said recesses are in alinement, the peripheries of said permuta tion disks being provided with two series of like numerals, the pairs of like numerals being upon diametrically opposite points of the periphery of each permutation disk, and means cooperating with said locking disks and said permutation disks for adjusting the recesses upon said guide members into a definite positional relation in respect of a given pair of opposite numerals upon the peripheries of each of said permutation disks.

6. In a lock of the class described, a bolt, stationary guide members thereupon, locking disks rotatably mounted upon said guide members, permutation disks rigidly mounted upon said locking disks and enclosing said vupon diametrically opposite points of the periphery of each permutationdisk, and means cooperating with said locking Vdisks and said permutation disks for adjusting the recesses upon said guide members into a definite positional relation in respect of a given pair' of opposite numerals upon the recesses, said bolt being peripheries of each of said permutation` disks, said means including a tooth upon each locking diskvand grooves upon said permutation disks wherein said tooth is adapted to be selectively positioned.

7. In combination with permutation lock having a bolt freely operable from the inside and having an auxiliary bolt operable from the outside on setting the combination, a pinion associated with said bolt, a pinion associated with said auxiliary bolt, an out- 'side knob cooperating with said last named pinion, a spindle integrally formed with said outside knob, said spindle passing through both said pinions, and a knob shell positioned upon said spindle and cooperating with said irst mentioned pinion.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

' PIOTR GIBA. 

